
The Earth is a dynamic planet shaped by powerful geologic forces. Earthquakes are triggered by the sudden movement of tectonic plates, enormous rock slabs that float miles underground. These plates bump against each other, creating tremendous pressure. Eventually one breaks free leading to seismic shock waves that travel up and shake the ground. Aftershocks are the rearrangement of the plates as they settle into a new configuration.
Most earthquakes occur under the sea. Few on land cause damage. Yet the energy from big quakes can destroy cities and cause tsunamis. Seismographic stations detect earthquakes and the Richter scale is used to measure their strength. Each number means a quake ten times more powerful than the previous number. With their acute senses, dogs, birds and other animals seem skilled at detecting earthquakes before the shaking even starts.
In the 1960s, a 9.2 quake hit Alaska and a 9.5 in Chile was the most powerful ever recorded. California’s famous San Andreas Fault is where two tectonic plates meet and devastating quakes have occurred. These places are on the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean where there are many earthquakes.