
Carbon dioxide (CO2) in our atmosphere causes about half of global warming. This heat-trapping gas is necessary, making the Earth habitable through the greenhouse effect. CO2 exists naturally - people exhale it and volcanic eruptions release it. But the climate is changing due to this simple molecule of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
People are adding CO2 to the atmosphere faster than at any point in human history. The burning of oil, coal and gasoline has brought a sharp increase. Deforestation and wildfires also release the carbon stored in trees, and prevent trees from absorbing CO2 in the future. To make matters worse, this gas stays in the atmosphere for thousands of years, so it will cause future warming.
The atmospheric concentration of CO2 has risen from below 300 parts per million (ppm) to above 420 ppm. Today the level is more than 50 percent higher than it was before the industrial revolution. Given how important CO2 is to our planet’s thermostat, we should not be surprised that raising its level so high so quickly is resulting in a warmer planet and a climate crisis.