
Wind is simply moving air. It forms when sunshine warms pockets of air that expands and rises. Cool air then rushes in to fill the gap. In other words, wind is created by differences in air temperature as the sun shines. Wind, just like all types of weather phenomena, is driven by the sun.
Pressure is an excellent way to understand wind. Winds blow as air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Just think of letting the air out of a balloon, which has high pressure inside. The wind speed is determined by two factors: the difference in pressure and the distance between the high and low pressure areas. High winds occur when masses of air are close together with very different pressures.
The Coriolis effect is fascinating to ponder, even though it doesn't directly cause wind. Instead, it deflects the direction of existing winds, causing them to veer to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This is a consequence of the Earth's rotation and affects how winds flow around pressure systems and contribute to global wind patterns. There are many wind patterns around the world. Some named winds, such as trade winds and westerlies, are so reliable that sailors have used them for centuries to cross the ocean.
Wind is measured according to the 13-point Beaufort scale from Force 0 calm and Forces 2 - 6 breezes, up to Forces 8 - 10 gales and Force 12 hurricanes. The highest windspeed ever recorded, not during a tropical storm, was on Mt. Washington in the USA.