
The climate is controlled by heat energy reaching the Earth through sunlight. Some of the sun’s energy is reflected back into space by the atmosphere and clouds. Most of it passes through and warms the Earth. The ocean and land absorb energy, while ice and snow reflect some of it back up. But carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere trap much of this energy, increasing the temperature. This is the greenhouse effect, similar to the glass roof of a greenhouse.
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that insulates our planet from the cold of space and makes life possible. Without it, the heat reflected from the surface would be lost into space and the Earth would be a frozen ice ball. So, there is nothing inherently wrong with greenhouse gases. The problem is people are pushing up their concentrations by burning fossil fuels and emitting too much gas. We are accelerating the greenhouse effect and causing climate change. If we are smart, humanity can figure out how to reduce emissions and help all living things on our planet.